工業(yè)和信息化部等五部門(mén)日前聯(lián)合印發(fā)《關(guān)于開(kāi)展零碳工廠建設(shè)工作的指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)》，深挖工業(yè)和信息化領(lǐng)域節(jié)能降碳潛力，帶動(dòng)重點(diǎn)行業(yè)領(lǐng)域減碳增效和綠色低碳轉(zhuǎn)型。其中，提出2026年起，遴選一批零碳工廠，做好標(biāo)桿引領(lǐng)。

China has pledged to advance zero-carbon factory development to further tap the potential for energy conservation and carbon reduction in the industrial and information sectors, and to drive emissions cuts, efficiency improvements, and green, low-carbon transition in key industries. According to a guideline issued by five government departments led by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT), China will begin selecting a group of zero-carbon factories from 2026 to set benchmarks for wider replication.

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

零碳工廠建設(shè)是指通過(guò)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和管理優(yōu)化等減排措施，實(shí)現(xiàn)廠區(qū)內(nèi)二氧化碳排放量的持續(xù)降低、逐步趨向于近零的過(guò)程。引導(dǎo)工業(yè)企業(yè)試點(diǎn)建設(shè)零碳工廠，對(duì)于因地制宜培育發(fā)展新質(zhì)生產(chǎn)力，更好統(tǒng)籌高質(zhì)量發(fā)展和高水平保護(hù)，支撐實(shí)現(xiàn)碳達(dá)峰碳中和目標(biāo)具有重要意義。

《關(guān)于開(kāi)展零碳工廠建設(shè)工作的指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)》明確，實(shí)施分階段梯度培育，到2027年，在汽車(chē)、鋰電池、光伏、電子電器、輕工、機(jī)械、算力設(shè)施等行業(yè)領(lǐng)域，培育建設(shè)一批零碳工廠；到2030年，將零碳工廠建設(shè)逐步拓展至鋼鐵、有色金屬、石化化工、建材、紡織等行業(yè)領(lǐng)域，探索傳統(tǒng)高載能產(chǎn)業(yè)脫碳新路徑。

指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)還介紹了零碳工廠的建設(shè)路徑，包括建立二氧化碳排放核算體系，識(shí)別并量化二氧化碳的排放和清除；鼓勵(lì)有條件的工廠建設(shè)工業(yè)綠色微電網(wǎng)；鼓勵(lì)工廠加強(qiáng)新一代信息技術(shù)應(yīng)用；待削減的二氧化碳排放可以通過(guò)跨境碳交易等方式進(jìn)行抵銷(xiāo)等。

【重要講話】

實(shí)現(xiàn)碳達(dá)峰碳中和是一場(chǎng)廣泛而深刻的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)系統(tǒng)性變革。立足我國(guó)能源資源稟賦，堅(jiān)持先立后破，有計(jì)劃分步驟實(shí)施碳達(dá)峰行動(dòng)。完善能源消耗總量和強(qiáng)度調(diào)控，重點(diǎn)控制化石能源消費(fèi)，逐步轉(zhuǎn)向碳排放總量和強(qiáng)度“雙控”制度。推動(dòng)能源清潔低碳高效利用，推進(jìn)工業(yè)、建筑、交通等領(lǐng)域清潔低碳轉(zhuǎn)型。

Reaching peak carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality will mean a broad and profound systemic socio-economic transformation. Based on China's energy and resource endowment, we will advance initiatives to reach peak carbon emissions in a well-planned and phased way in line with the principle of building the new before discarding the old. We will exercise better control over the amount and intensity of energy consumption, particularly of fossil fuels, and transition gradually toward controlling both the amount and intensity of carbon emissions. We will promote clean, low-carbon, and high-efficiency energy use and push forward the clean and low-carbon transition in industry, construction, transportation, and other sectors.

——2022年10月16日，習(xí)近平在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨第二十次全國(guó)代表大會(huì)上的報(bào)告

【相關(guān)詞匯】

博鰲零碳示范區(qū)

Boao zero-carbon demonstration zone

零廢物城市

zero-waste cities

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