全國(guó)政協(xié)委員指出，當(dāng)前我國(guó)的996問(wèn)題處于企業(yè)失控、監(jiān)管失序、工會(huì)失靈的狀態(tài)，要改變996工作文化，不是那么簡(jiǎn)單的事。

Members of China's top political advisory body have proposed reinforced and effective supervision to stop companies overworking their employees.

為了阻止企業(yè)讓員工超時(shí)加班，全國(guó)政協(xié)委員提議加強(qiáng)有效監(jiān)管。

Since 2019, the 996 work culture－which means working from 9 am to 9 pm six days a week, a schedule widely used at tech companies－h(huán)as sparked public debate, with some industry insiders calling it a "blessing".

自2019年以來(lái)，996工作文化就引發(fā)了公眾討論，所謂996工作制是指勞動(dòng)者每天從早上9點(diǎn)一直工作到晚上9點(diǎn)，每周工作6天。這種工作制度在中國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)企業(yè)很盛行。一些業(yè)內(nèi)人士將這一現(xiàn)象稱作“福報(bào)”。

The issue of overworking employees is getting worse, said Li Guohua, a member of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, pointing out that the absence of official supervision and protection by labor unions has led to the current situation.

政協(xié)委員李國(guó)華在全國(guó)政協(xié)十三屆四次會(huì)議上指出，當(dāng)前我國(guó)996問(wèn)題處于企業(yè)失控、監(jiān)管失序、工會(huì)失靈的狀態(tài)。

"Some companies require employees to work more than 380 hours a month－even more than 996, under which 300 working hours a month are required," he said. "More hectic working schedules are prevailing in areas including short-video sharing, online education, ride-hailing and e-commerce."

李國(guó)華稱：“有的公司要求員工每月工作380小時(shí)以上，甚至遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高出996的每月300小時(shí)工作時(shí)間?，F(xiàn)在在短視頻、在線教育、出行、電商等領(lǐng)域，部分互聯(lián)網(wǎng)企業(yè)開(kāi)始推行更加繁忙的工作作息制度。”

Wang Meihua, also a CPPCC National Committee member and deputy chief engineer at Shanghai Construction Group, said that official work hours have also been blurred at companies that rely on calls or instant messaging services for their business. For such enterprises, some employees are required to remain on standby 24 hours a day.

全國(guó)政協(xié)委員、上海建工集團(tuán)股份有限公司副總工程師王美華則指出，自從有了智能手機(jī)，有了工作微信群，很多人的上下班時(shí)間界限就模糊了，有的企業(yè)要求員工24小時(shí)在微信群里待命。

"Missing any calls or not replying to instant messages immediately will be regarded as a breach of duty "that has led some to lose their jobs, Wang said.

王美華說(shuō)：“漏接電話或不及時(shí)回復(fù)就算違規(guī)，甚至?xí)獾介_(kāi)除?！?/p>

Li urged authorities to pay more attention to the problem while enhancing regulations to protect workers' well-being.

李國(guó)華敦促管理部門重視對(duì)“996”問(wèn)題的監(jiān)管，保護(hù)勞動(dòng)者的生命健康權(quán)。

The problem is complex.

這個(gè)問(wèn)題很復(fù)雜。

On the one hand, authorities have made some headway. In November 2019, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security released a labor contract guideline stating that work time is not allowed to exceed eight hours a day or 40 hours a week.

一方面，有關(guān)部門已經(jīng)率先采取了一些措施。2019年11月，人力資源和社會(huì)保障部發(fā)布了勞動(dòng)合同示范文本，規(guī)定職工每日工作時(shí)間不超過(guò)8小時(shí)，每周工作時(shí)間不超過(guò)40小時(shí)。

Work time can be stretched after negotiations, but overtime should not exceed one hour a day in general or three hours a day in special circumstances. Further, no more than 36 working hours can be added over a one-month period, according to the guideline.
根據(jù)示范文本，經(jīng)協(xié)商后可以延長(zhǎng)工作時(shí)間，一般每日不得超過(guò)1小時(shí)，特殊原因每日不得超過(guò)3小時(shí)，每月不得超過(guò)36小時(shí)。

"The nation's high-quality development is an endurance race, driven by the labor force's physical and psychological health," said Lyu Guoquan, also a member of the CPPCC National Committee.

全國(guó)政協(xié)委員呂國(guó)泉說(shuō)：“高質(zhì)量發(fā)展是一場(chǎng)耐力賽。勞動(dòng)者的身心健康是這場(chǎng)比賽的推動(dòng)力?！?/p>

"Valuing people and protecting their health is the right way to generate fortunes."

“秉持以人為本的原則，關(guān)注和維護(hù)勞動(dòng)者的身心健康，才是創(chuàng)造價(jià)值和利潤(rùn)的正確路徑。”

On the other hand, workers in many sectors in China, the second-largest economy and biggest developing nation in the world, are encouraged to work hard to accelerate the country's development, not only to surpass their domestic peers but also their international counterparts.

與此同時(shí)，作為全球第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體和最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，我國(guó)許多行業(yè)都鼓勵(lì)勞動(dòng)者努力工作以加速國(guó)家發(fā)展，不只是為了超越國(guó)內(nèi)同行，也是為了打敗國(guó)外的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。

"The economy has slowed as the novel coronavirus epidemic has caused the unemployment rate to increase," Zhang Lin, an associate professor at the University of New Hampshire in the United States, told media outlet LatePost last month. "Also, the glut of talent has put more pressure on people looking for work. It is no wonder workers are complaining. Whenever you quit your job, there is someone to replace you."

美國(guó)新罕布什爾大學(xué)助理教授張琳上個(gè)月在對(duì)話媒體《晚點(diǎn)》時(shí)說(shuō)；“現(xiàn)在經(jīng)濟(jì)下行，疫情也導(dǎo)致失業(yè)率升高，人才供給過(guò)飽和，你不干總有人干。在這層層壓力下，有抱怨也不奇怪。”

Zhong Ruiqing, an associate professor at Zhejiang University, said that it's also difficult to enforce labor laws that target 996 work schedules.

浙江大學(xué)副教授鐘瑞慶表示，針對(duì)996工作制的勞動(dòng)法實(shí)施起來(lái)也有困難。

"Employees usually work overtime 'voluntarily' because they dare not leave the office when the boss is still on duty," Zhong told LatePost. "Another problem is the inability to enforce rules. Can labor authorities require companies to release their employees at quitting time? Or can they turn off the company's lights at 5 pm?"

鐘瑞慶告訴《晚點(diǎn)》說(shuō)：“現(xiàn)在員工加班，形式上都是自愿的。你到了下班時(shí)間，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)沒(méi)走，你一個(gè)人敢不敢走？而且執(zhí)法也有一定難度，難道地方勞動(dòng)部門要求公司到時(shí)間趕人走？比如說(shuō)到了五點(diǎn)鐘關(guān)燈？”

In addition, Zhong said that tightening supervision over companies relying on the 996 work schedule may reduce the nation's competitiveness.

鐘瑞慶還指出，如果加強(qiáng)對(duì)依賴996工作制的企業(yè)監(jiān)管，中國(guó)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力可能會(huì)下降。

"For example, if Shanghai regulates such a schedule, companies may move to another city, causing Shanghai to lose its economic advantage," he said. "And if a nationwide supervisory system is carried out, the nation may see a decrease in its economic competitiveness. So policymakers should weigh the pros and cons."

“假設(shè)上海嚴(yán)格限制互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司加班，公司可能會(huì)搬到其他城市，導(dǎo)致上海競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力下降。如果全國(guó)統(tǒng)一管，可能中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力就下降了。因此，決策層就必須衡量其中的利弊得失。”

Gao Qi, a 28-year-old employee at a tech company in Beijing, said that he has been feeling listless after working 996 over the past two years.

28歲的高奇（音譯）供職于北京一家科技公司，他表示，經(jīng)歷了過(guò)去兩年的996工作，他感覺(jué)很疲倦。

"My work time is much more than 12 hours a day under my company's 996 working schedule, if you factor in my commuting time－about two to three hours per round-trip," he said. "I am busy 15 hours a day, six days a week, leaving me only 78 hours a week free of work."

他說(shuō)：“在公司的996工作制下，我每日工作時(shí)間遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)12小時(shí)，如果把我的通勤時(shí)間（來(lái)回兩三個(gè)小時(shí)）也算在內(nèi)，我每天有15小時(shí)、每周6天都忙于工作，每周只有78個(gè)小時(shí)不工作。”

Gao said whether there's an effort to abolish 996 or to give subsidies to overworked employees, "it's time to do something."

高奇表示，無(wú)論是努力廢除996工作制，還是給過(guò)勞員工發(fā)放補(bǔ)貼，“是時(shí)候行動(dòng)起來(lái)了”。

英文來(lái)源：中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)

翻譯&編輯：丹妮