兩會(huì)前瞻：這十個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)熱詞值得關(guān)注

2018年全年國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值900309億元，按可比價(jià)格計(jì)算，比上年增長(zhǎng)6.6%，實(shí)現(xiàn)了6.5%左右的預(yù)期發(fā)展目標(biāo)。2019年是新中國(guó)成立70周年，是決勝全面建成小康社會(huì)第一個(gè)百年奮斗目標(biāo)的關(guān)鍵之年。

今年全國(guó)兩會(huì)期間，以下這些經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域熱詞或?qū)⒊蔀榇砦瘑T們熱議的話題。

GDP growth 國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)

As an overall indicator of economic expansion, China's GDP growth target has been set unchanged at around 6.5 percent for two consecutive years from 2017 to 2018. On the provincial level, the majority of China's local governments have lowered the number this year, while over ten provincial regions set the target within a range.
作為經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的總體指標(biāo)，中國(guó)的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)目標(biāo)從2017年到2018年已經(jīng)連續(xù)兩年保持在6.5%。在省一級(jí)的層面，大部分省份都降低了今年的增長(zhǎng)預(yù)期，有10多個(gè)省將增長(zhǎng)目標(biāo)設(shè)定在一個(gè)區(qū)間內(nèi)。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況 economic situation

GDP核算 GDP calculation

核心指標(biāo) core indicator

高質(zhì)量發(fā)展 high-quality development

工業(yè)產(chǎn)出 industrial output

增長(zhǎng)質(zhì)量 growth quality

Fiscal deficit 財(cái)政赤字

China lowered its 2018 fiscal deficit target, one major part of fiscal policy, to 2.6 percent of its GDP, down from the 3-percent level in 2016 and 2017. The government has vowed to maintain a proactive fiscal policy and further expand issuance of special-purpose local government bonds.
財(cái)政赤字是財(cái)政政策的重要組成部分，2018年我國(guó)的財(cái)政赤字目標(biāo)由2016和2017年占GDP3%下調(diào)為2.6%。中央政府已經(jīng)宣布要保持積極的財(cái)政政策，進(jìn)一步增發(fā)地方政府專項(xiàng)債券。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

稅收激勵(lì) tax incentive

減稅降費(fèi) cut taxes and administrative fees

房產(chǎn)稅 property tax

免稅 tax exemption

Tax reduction 減稅

China has been committed to cutting taxes and fees for enterprises and employees in recent years in a bid to boost investment and consumption. Total taxes and fee cuts reached about 1.3 trillion yuan last year.
近幾年，我國(guó)一直致力于對(duì)企業(yè)和個(gè)人減稅降費(fèi)，以促進(jìn)投資和消費(fèi)。去年減稅降費(fèi)總額達(dá)1.3萬(wàn)億元。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

增值稅 value-added tax

企業(yè)所得稅 enterprise income tax

免稅 tax exemption

減稅 tax reduction, tax cut

收入分配 distribution of income

避稅地 tax haven

Monetary stance 貨幣政策

The annual Central Economic Work Conference said China will keep the prudent monetary policy "neither too tight nor too loose" this year while maintaining market liquidity at a reasonably ample level.
中央經(jīng)濟(jì)工作會(huì)議表示，今年我國(guó)將繼續(xù)保持審慎的貨幣政策，要松緊適度，保持流動(dòng)性合理充裕。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

定向降準(zhǔn) targeted RRR cut

注入流動(dòng)性 inject liquidity

貨幣政策工具 monetary policy tools

公開(kāi)市場(chǎng)操作 open market operation, OMO

逆回購(gòu) reverse repurchase agreement, reverse repo

Job creation 創(chuàng)造就業(yè)

Employment comes first in the six fields the country aims to stabilize in 2019. China first set the goal of surveyed urban unemployment rate in government work report in 2018. Over 13 million urban jobs were created last year, beating the official target of 11 million.
穩(wěn)就業(yè)是我國(guó)2019年做好“六穩(wěn)”工作的首要任務(wù)。2018年政府工作報(bào)告中首次設(shè)定了城鎮(zhèn)調(diào)查失業(yè)率的目標(biāo)。去年共創(chuàng)造城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)崗位1300萬(wàn)個(gè)，超出了官方設(shè)定的1100萬(wàn)目標(biāo)。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬(wàn)眾創(chuàng)新 mass entrepreneurship and innovation

就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè) employment and entrepreneurship

慢就業(yè) delayed employment

自由職業(yè)者 freelancer

自主創(chuàng)業(yè) self-employment

就業(yè)壓力 employment pressure

Poverty alleviation 扶貧

As one of the country's "three tough battles," reducing poverty is expected to accelerate this year to achieve the goal of lifting all its rural residents living below current poverty line out of poverty and eliminate poverty in all poor counties and regions by 2020. China still had 16.6 million poor people by the end of 2018.
作為“三大攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)”之一，今年的扶貧步伐或?qū)⒓涌欤詫?shí)現(xiàn)到2020年確保現(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下農(nóng)村貧困人口實(shí)現(xiàn)脫貧、貧困縣全部摘帽的目標(biāo)。截止2018年底，我國(guó)還有1660萬(wàn)貧困人口。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

精準(zhǔn)扶貧 targeted poverty alleviation

強(qiáng)制式扶貧 compulsory poverty relief

脫貧 get out of poverty/get rid of poverty/be lifted out of poverty

貧困線 poverty threshold/poverty line/poverty limit

易地扶貧搬遷 relocating the poor

扶貧基金 poverty alleviation funds

開(kāi)發(fā)式扶貧 development-orientated poverty reduction